How ‘hidden’ reading frames are expressed

How to Deal with Small Open Reading Frames?

Current ’classical’ algorithms recognizing protein coding sequences do not work effectively with sequences of small length. To deal with this problem we have proposed some improvements of the existing gene finders without any assumed arbitrary threshold. Introduced parameters describe position of tested sequences in the ranking of all small Open Reading Frames and short protein coding genes fou...

How Reliable Are Informal Reading Inventories?

Informal Reading Inventories (IRI) are often recommended as instructionally relevant measures of reading. However, they have also been criticized for inattention to technical quality. Examination of reliability evidence in nine recently revised IRIs revealed that fewer than half report reliability. Several appear to have sufficient reliability for lower stakes decisions such as selection of cla...

Five unique open reading frames of infectious laryngotracheitis virus are expressed during infection but are dispensable for virus replication in cell culture.

The chicken alphaherpesvirus infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) exhibits several unique genetic features including an internal inversion of a conserved part of the unique long genome region. At one end, this inversion is preceded by a cluster of five open reading frames (ORFs) of 335-411 codons, designated ORF A to ORF E, that are not present in any other known herpesvirus genome. In thi...

Food Taxes: How Likely Are Likely Effects?

reading frames of yeast chromosome III

With the completion of the first phase of the European yeast genome sequencing project, the complete DNA sequence of chromosome 111 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has become available (Oliver, S.G., et al., 1992, Nature 357, 38-46). We have tested the predictive power of computer sequence analysis on the 176 probable protein products of this chromosome, after exclusion of six problem cases. When t...